Friday, January 8, 2016

Protecting oneself from Show off (Riyaakaari) while serving Imam Zamana (a.t.f.s.)

Imam Jafar Sadiq (a.s) has said:
“If I would have met him (al-Mahdi), I would serve him for my entire life.”
(Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 51, pg. 148)

Serving the Imam to the best of one’s ability is another responsibility of a true believer. Assisting Imam (a.t.f.s.) can be accomplished through helping his friends, followers and the Shi’a of the Imam, fulfilling their needs, alleviating the difficulties and solving issues which may come up their lives all of these are ways in which one can assist the Imam of the time.

In addition, establishing gatherings for the remembrance of the Imam (a.t.f.s.) or to write and spread the teachings in relation to him, etc if these are done with the intention that one wishes to assist the Imam, then they are counted and recognized (by Allah) as being things done to help the Imam.

Therefore, we see that there are many ways in which one can assist the Imam, however they must be performed with the intention that they are being done with the purpose of assisting him.

What happens if a person serves Imam (a.t.f.s) with the intention of Show off (Riyaakaari)?
1. One Who “Shows-Off” is a Mushrik and a Hypocrite

It is narrated from Imam Muhammad Baqir (a.s.) and Imam Jafar Sadiq (a.s.) :
“If a person performs a good deed to achieve Allah’s pleasure and the reward in the hereafter; but also intends to please other people, then he will be termed as a Mushrik.”

(Bihār al-Anwār)

It is concluded from the authentic traditions that one who tries to show-off in religious matters is a mushrik and a hypocrite. He is inevitably condemned to Divine punishment. It is one and the same whether his show-off concerns the obligatory acts or the recommended acts.

Similarly, he may simply exhibit outward piety or his aim may be to acquire honour and respect among the people. Even if he has a dual aim (of showing off and fulfilling his obligation) his act is classified as Shirk. A few Qur’anic verses are quoted for the benefit of the readers:

1) “Surely the hypocrites strive to deceive Allah, and He shall requite their deceit to them, and when they stand up sluggishly; they do it only to be seen of men and do not remember Allah save a little. Wavering between that (and this), (belonging) neither to these nor to those.”
(Surah an-Nisā’ 4:142)

2) “So woe to the praying ones, who are unmindful of their prayers, who do (good) to be seen.”
(Surah Ma’ūn 107:4-6)

The Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a) said,
“Certainly what I fear for you most is the lesser Shirk.”
Someone enquired, “O Prophet of Allah(s.a.w.a), what is meant by lesser Shirk?” He replied,
“It is Riyah when Allah would reward His creatures for their deeds on the Day of Judgement He would address those who committed Riyah thus, ‘you approach those, to please whom you had performed all the deeds in the world. And obtain your rewards for your deeds from them’.”
(Bihār al-Anwār).
Is it possible to receive rewards from them? Absolutely not!

2. Riyakār person will also fail to achieve his aim in this world
Apart from the punishment in the Hereafter and cancellation of good deeds the Riyakār person will also fail to achieve his aim in this world. In the world it had been his intention to achieve honour among the people but instead he would have to face humiliation and shame.

On the contrary, one who performs good deeds for the Hereafter will achieve honour in this world too. The following verse of Surah al-Kahf says:
“… therefore whoever hopes to meet his Lord, he should do good deeds, and not join anyone in the service of his Lord.”
(Surah al-Kahf 18:110)
The tafsir of this ayat is as follows: “Someone performs a good deed not for seeking Allah’s pleasure, but to obtain praise and admiration from people, so that people may see and hear him and he may become famous. He is like the one who has an associate with Allah in his worship. One who conceals his worship acts from the people (and reserve them solely for Allah would finally be given an honourable position among the people, by Allah. While one who exhibits his worship; his weaknesses are exposed by Allah and consequently he is degraded.”
(al-Kāfi)

3. The Riyakār Person Deceives Himself Alone
Someone enquired from the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a) as to how could salvation be attained on the Day of Judgement? He replied,
“It could only be possible if one does not deceive Allah. Certainly if anyone tries to deceive Allah he is himself deceived by Allah (i.e. he is repaid for his deceit) and Allah takes away belief from him. If he possesses reason he should know that in trying to deceive Allah, he is only deceiving
himself.”
“How can Allah be deceived and defrauded?” a person asked. The Prophet (s.a.w.a.) continued,
“The person fulfills all his religious obligations but his aim is to please someone other than Allah. Fear Allah and restrain from ‘Riyah’. On the Day of Judgement the deceiver (Riyakār) will be addressed by four titles,
‘O Kafir, O Sinful, O Crafty one, O Loser, your deeds are nullified and the reward of your deeds is lost. Today you have no worth whatsoever. Go and seek the reward of your deeds from those, to please whom you performed your acts.’
(Muhajjatul Baidha, Bihār al-Anwār)

4. His (Riyakār Person) Worship will lead him to the Fire Of Hell

Abu Basir has narrated from Imam Jafar Sadiq (a.s.) that he said,
“On the Day of Judgement a person would be brought forward. He had performed Salāt in his life. He would be told that you have prayed but your intention had been to show-off, so that people may appreciate your worship. This person would be cast into the fire. Then a reciter of the Qur’an would be brought. He would be told, ‘at the time of reciting the Qur’an, your intention had been to exhibit your sweet voice so that people may appreciate your tone.’ This one shall also be tossed into the fire. The third person to be presented shall be one who had died a martyr in Jihad. He would be told that, ‘Your intention while fighting was to make a show-off your strength and valour.” He shall also be led towards the fire. The fourth person had been a charitable man. He would be told, ‘your intention in giving charity was that people may call you generous.’ Then he would also be led towards Hell.
(Layali Akhbār).

5. The Fire of Hell Weeps Due to the Deceitful Ones (Riyakār)
The Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) has informed,
“Certainly the fire of Hell and the people of Hell would cry for help due to the deceitful ones.”
Someone asked, “O Prophet of Allah (S). How would the fire cry?” He replied,
“The fire would scream and cry for help due to the intensity of the heat of that fire in which the Riyakār people would be burning.”

What to do in order to protect one from show off?
1. Ask Forgiveness
If someone has committed Shirk with regard to the acts of worship, he must repent sincerely and have a firm determination not to repeat his mistake. He should intend to perform all his deeds in the future for the sole purpose of achieving Allah’s pleasure.
2. Make Your Intention Pure
Purity of intention with respect to a deed has the same significance that the soul has for the body. Absence of the purity of intention during worship takes man further away from Allah (s.w.t.).

The Holy Qur’an contains numerous verses in this regard. A few of them are quoted below:
1) “And they were not enjoined anything except that they should serve Allah, being sincere to Him in obedience.” (Surah al-Bayyina 98:5)

2) “Say: I am commanded that I should serve Allah, being sincere to Him in obedience.” (Surah az-Zumar 39:11)

3) “Say: My Lord has enjoined justice, and set upright your faces at every time of prayer and call on Him, being sincere to Him in obedience.” (Surah al-Ar’āf 7:29)

4) “Say: I am only a mortal like you; it is revealed to me that your god is One God, therefore whoever hopes to meet his Lord, he should do good deeds, and not join anyone in the service of His Lord.” (Surah al-Kahf 18:110)

Imam Jafar Sadiq (a.s.) says,
“If one intends to do a small act with the sole intention of pleasing Allah, Allah causes this small deed of his to be manifested on a greater scale upon the people. (On the contrary) if someone performs the greatest of deeds which causes him physical tiredness and exhaustion due to wakeful nights, while his intention had been to acquire the praise of people, his deed would be reduced to a trifle by Allah and manifested on the people.” (till the people begin to dislike him.) (al-Kāfi)

Finally, we pray to Allah (swt) to protect us from show off and its disease as mentioned by Hazrat Imam Ali (a.s) - The words of the one who shows off are beautiful, but in his heart there is an internal disease. (Ghorar al-Hikam)

Taken From
1. Greater Sins
2. The Last Luminary and Ways to Delve Into the Light.

Significance of بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم


بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم might seem to be only 4 words or 19 alphabets but Allah, the Almighty has bestowed immense greatness and effect to these words.

In some traditions بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم is referred to as a verse (ayat) from the Holy Quran, for example, Hazrat Imam Sadiq (a.s.) says – Whenever either for going to the toilet or for any other reason you remove your clothes say the verse  بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم  so that Shaitan does not get a chance to see you. In this tradition بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم is referred to as a verse.

In many other traditions بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم is referred to as  اسمor name of Allah. For example, Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) says - بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم is from the lofty names of Allah, the Almighty. Due to the uttering of these blessed and holy names, Allah gives the servant whatever he asks for.

Also the very powerful and effective Dua, Dua e Mashlool starts with these words,

اللهم إني أسألك باسمك بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

O Allah! I beseech you, with your name, Bismillah hir Rahman nir Rahim

It is clearly evident from the fact that the first name of Allah that a supplicant calls out while reciting Dua e Mashlool is بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم and also from the two traditions mentioned above that the recitation of بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم has significant effects. We see in these two traditions at one place while reciting بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم safeguards a person from Shaitan and in the other instance due to the recitation of  بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم Allah, the Almighty bestows the servant whatever he wishes for.

Perhaps it is for this reason that saying بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم is highly recommended in traditions before starting any work or before any action. Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) says, Every action from the action of life, if it does not accompany the name of Allah, it will not bear any result or fruit.
Similarly, we also find traditions where the holy Imams have cautioned against not starting any work with بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم. It is reported that Imam Sadiq (a.s.) said, there are many from our Shias who forgo  بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم while starting their work and Allah makes them encounter hardship or discomfort so that they realize this.

It is also not at all surprising that Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful out of his infinite Mercy has apportioned huge rewards for the one who recites بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم.

Ibn Masood narrates from Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.), anybody who recites
 
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم, for every word Allah will write in his book four thousand good deeds, remove four thousand from the bad deeds and raise his level by four thousand.

In another tradition the reward of saying بسم الله  is described as below:-

Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) says, Anyone who says بسم الله, Allah makes for him seventy thousand palaces in Paradise of Yakut. In every palace seventy thousand rooms of white pearls. And in every room seventy thousand beds made of green gems (chrysolite) and on every bed there will be seventy thousand angels dressed in silk and gold.

There are many traditions which have been reported with regards to
 
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم. Below are few of them.

Saying بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم before Dua

Holy Prophet (sawa) said – A dua which has بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم  at the beginning never gets rejected.

Saying  بسم الله before sleeping

Holy Prophet (sawa) said – Everytime when a servant says بسم الله before sleeping, Allah the Almighty says to the angels – account is breath as worship till morning.

Safety from Fire

Ibn Masood narrates from Holy Prophet (sawa) – If anyone desires to safeguard himself from the blaze of fire then he should bring the words بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم  on his toungue. It has nineteen alphabets and every alphabet will act as a shield against the flames of fire.

Safety from the evil of Shaitan

If a believer after Namaz e Subh without moving from his place or without talking to any one while facing the Qibla recites بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم respectfully 100 times he will be safe from the evil of Shaitan in his daily life and will also prosper.

The body becomes pure if بسم الله recited at the time of Wuzu

Imam Ja’far Sadiq (a.s.) says, One who utters a name of Allah while performing ablution his whole body will become pure. All his sins between two ablutions will be wiped off. One who does not utter a name of Allah while performing ablution only the parts of body concerned with ablution will become pure and not his whole body.

The greatness and magnificence بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم is clear from the traditions mentioned above. It has also come in traditions that Allah, the Almighty bestowed wisdom to Hazrat Luqman (a.s.) because of his respect for بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم. One day Hazrat Luqman (a.s.) saw a paper on which بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم was inscribed. He picked it up and ate it (out of respect). Allah bestowed him with wisdom.

We quote here one incident to further emphasize on the miracles which is possessed in the words بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم.

Ayatullah Dastagaib e Shirazi has mentioned, it is mentioned in some of the Tafasirs that the king of Rome wrote a letter to Ameerul Momineen (a.s.) and complained about a strange headache to him and sought a remedy for the same from him. He mentioned that whatever treatment he has taken so far has not benefited him. Hazrat Ameerul Momineen (a.s.) gave the messenger a cap and told him to put this cap on the head of the king when his headaches.

The messenger gave the cap to the king and thereafter every time the king would feel pain in the head he would wear the cap and on wearing the cap he would be relieved of the pain. It happened a few times that his head would ache and on wearing the cap it would go away. They thought let’s see what Ameerul Momineen (a.s.) has done that the cap is so effective. The king ordered the cap to be cut and opened. They found that inside it, it was written بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم.

We conclude this discussion with this tradition on the reward of saying
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم


It is narrated there is a type Hoori on whose faces Allah, the Almighty has inscribed in Noori letters – on the right cheek it is inscribed, الله  محمد رسول. On the left cheek it is inscribed علي ولي اللهand on their foreheadالحسن و الحسين  is inscribed and on their lips بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم is inscribed and Allah has created them for those who  say بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم with magnificence and recognition (عظمت و معرفت)

Rights Of Orphans

Orphan-hood is a pressing issue all over the world. It is the time when orphans are considered as the vulnerable inhabitants of the world, discriminated and stigmatized by society, deprived of their fundamental rights and often deceased with their inheritance privileges, struggling for basic life needs and most of the times subjected to child labour.

When the situation entails to their rights three issues are always highlighted:

They should be treated as a common person of society i.e. they should be provided with every facility a common citizen is supposed to avail including food, shelter, health and education as a fundamental right.
If they are left with property of their parents, their inheritance should be guarded till they become adult. They have complete right to know their origin i.e. when it is known it should not be hidden from them.

Islam has strongly emphasized on their rights as the word "orphan" is mentioned 23 times in 12 different forms in 12 different chapters of Holy Quran. As quoted

‘’Serving the orphans is a vow made with God’’ – (Holy Quran, Chapter 2, verse 83)

According to UNICEF statistical report, over 153 million children are orphans, out of which only 7 million are guarded by institutional care worldwide. Interpreting the majority being abandoned, most of the times the absence of a fatherly figure to look up to, it is painfully easier to wander into land of lust, thereby, a cause of chaos not just for them self but for society as well. Hence they need guardians to look after them. Islam has already defined the resolution to skirt with all these aforesaid issues and secured their rights.

Hazrat Ali (a.s.) states that:  ‘’ A person who keeps his hand over an orphan's head with love, Allah will reward him with as much kindness as the hair which were touched by the hand.’’


Islamic financial law assures security of orphans hailing from all economic stratas: ones with little financial means or those who inherit adequate wealth from their parents, as stated:

‘’And give to the orphans their property, and do not substitute worthless (things) for (their) good (ones), and do not devour their property (as an addition) to your own property; this is surely a great 
crime’’  (Holy Quran, Chapter 4, verse 2)

According to a tradition from Imam Jafar Sadiq (a.s.):
‘’Allah, the Almighty has stated in the Holy Quran two punishments for a man who has deprived the orphans of their possessions. After death he will be thrown in hell and on earth his orphans will meet the same treatment as had been meted out to the orphans, by him.’’


According to another tradition one of the quality of the companions of Imam Mahdi (a.t.f.s.) is the one who doesn’t usurp the property of orphans. (Kitabe Jahan b’ad az-Zuhur, p. 125-126)

However, in spite of these values, many of the orphaned children continue to experience emotional problems and little is being done in this area of emotional support. Since they are the broken heart children they require moral support as well. Holy Quran clearly sets a tone for the treatment of orphans in Islam:

And when there are present at the division the relatives and the orphans and the needy, give them (something) out of it and speak to them kind words. (Holy Quran, Chapter 4, verse 8)

"Treat not the orphan with harshness" (Holy Quran, Chapter 93, verse 9)

In another tradition it is stated that when an orphan cries, the sky trembles. At that time the Almighty God says that the person who comforts and soothes the crying orphan (whose mother and father are taken away from him) will be rewarded Heaven, compulsorily, by God.

Keeping in mind all these tenets we should remember the last words of Imam Ali (a.s.):

“Beware! Beware! Do not ever be neglectful of orphans. I warn you again, never leave an orphan hungry and unprotected.”

"Helping the weak is the best charity." (Al-Shaykh al-'Ansari, al-Makasib)



May Allah give us the taufeeq to take care of the orphans from amongst our relatives, acquaintances and believers.

Monday, January 4, 2016

Imam Mahdi (a.t.f.s.) & Janabe Zahra (s.a.)

One of the most pure and strong relationships that Allah has made is that of a mother and son. This attachment becomes even stronger for the mother who is being snatched of her rights and tortured and knows that her son will avenge her. She then waits for that moment and prays to Allah for him. She also prays for those who help her son. Janabe Fatima Zahra (sa) was oppressed and Inshallah, Imam Mahdi (a.t.f.s.) will avenge her. Given below are few traditions that have the mother and son in the same tradition.

Tradition 1 –  Imam Mahdi (a.t.f.s.) is from the progeny of Janabe Zahra (s.a.)
عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ قَالَتْ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص يَقُولُ‏ الْمَهْدِيُ‏ مِنْ عِتْرَتِي مِنْ وُلْدِ فَاطِمَة
From Abu Saeed bin Musayyib from Umm UmmSalmah, she said that I heard from Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) saying: Mahdi (a.t.f.s.) is from my progeny from the children of Fatima (s.a.)

Ref: Al-Ghaibah of Tusi, Pg. 186

Tradition 2 -  Tafsir of Surah Qadr
فُرَاتٌ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ مُعَنْعَناً عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ‏ أَنَّهُ قَالَ‏ إِنَّا أَنْزَلْناهُ فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ

Mohammad bin Al-Qasim bin Obaid Mo’ananan narrated from Imam Jafar Sadiq (a.s) said: Surely we revealed it in the grand night.

اللَّيْلَةُ فَاطِمَةُ وَ الْقَدْرُ اللَّهُ فَمَنْ عَرَفَ فَاطِمَةَ حَقَّ مَعْرِفَتِهَا فَقَدْ أَدْرَكَ لَيْلَةَ الْقَدْرِ وَ إِنَّمَا سُمِّيَتْ فَاطِمَةُ لِأَنَّ

The night is Fatima (s.a.) and Qadr is Allah (s.w.t.). Then who recognized Fatima (s.a.) with her true recognition has certainly comprehended the Night of Qadr and she is named Fatima (s.a.)

الْخَلْقَ فُطِمُوا عَنْ مَعْرِفَتِهَا أَوْ مِنْ مَعْرِفَتِهَا الشَّكُّ [مِنْ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ‏] وَ قَوْلُهُ‏ وَ ما أَدْراكَ ما لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ لَيْلَةُ


For surely the creatures are away from her recognition and His (s.w.t.) saying “and what will make you comprehend what is the grand night”


الْقَدْرِ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ يَعْنِي خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَلْفَ مُؤْمِنٍ وَ هِيَ أُمُّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ‏ تَنَزَّلُ الْمَلائِكَةُ وَ الرُّوحُ فِيها
“the grand night is better than a thousand months” means (Janabe Fatima (s.a.)) is better than a thousand believers and she is mother of believers. “the angels and the holy spirit descend in it”

 الْمَلَائِكَةُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الَّذِينَ يَمْلِكُونَ عِلْمَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ ص‏وَ الرُّوحُ الْقُدُسُ هِيَ فَاطِمَةُ ع‏ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِمْ مِنْ كُلِّ أَمْرٍ

And Angels are believers who have the knowledge of progeny of Mohammad (s.a.w.a.) and the Holy Spirit is Janabe Fatima (s.a.).


“With the permission of their lord; peace it is till the break of dawn”

 سلامٌ هِيَ حَتَّى مَطْلَعِ الْفَجْرِ يَعْنِي حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ الْقَائِمُ‏ ع‏
Means till the reappearance of the Qaem (a.t.f.s.)

Reference – Tafsir e Furat e Kufi, Page 581


Tradiiton 3 – Names of successors from the progeny of Janabe Zahra (s.a.)

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْجَارُودِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى فَاطِمَةَ ع وَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهَا لَوْحٌ فِيهِ أَسْمَاءُ الْأَوْصِيَاءِ مِنْ وُلْدِهَا فَعَدَدْتُ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ آخِرُهُمُ الْقَائِمُ‏ ع ثَلَاثَةٌ مِنْهُمْ مُحَمَّدٌ وَ ثَلَاثَةٌ مِنْهُمْ عَلِي‏

Mohammad bin Yahya narrated from Mohammad bin Husain from IbnMahboob from AbiJarood from Imam Mohammad Baqir (a.s.) from Jabir Ibn Abdullah Ansari (r.a.) he said: I went to Janabe Fatima Zahra (s.a.) and she had the Tablet (Lauh) in her hands. In it were the names of successors from her children and I counted them to be 12 . The last of them was Qaem (a.t.f.s.) and three of them were Mohammad and three of them were Ali
(Note: This does not include Hazrat Ameerul Momineen (a.s.))

Ref: Al-Kafi: Vol 1 Pg. 532

Tradition 4

وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحِيمِ الْقَصِيرِ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع‏ أَمَا لَوْ قَدْ قَامَ قَائِمُنَا لَقَدْ رُدَّتْ عَلَيْهِ الْحُمَيْرَاءُ حَتَّى يَجْلِدَهَا الْحَدَّ وَ هُوَ يَنْتَقِمُ لِأُمِّهِ فَاطِمَةَ ع مِنْهَا قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ وَ لِمَ تُجْلَدُ الْحَدَّ قَالَ لِفِرْيَتِهَا عَلَى أُمِّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قُلْتُ فَكَيْفَ أَخَّرَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِلْقَائِمِ قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بَعَثَ مُحَمَّداً ص‏ رَحْمَةً وَ يَبْعَثُ الْقَائِمَ ع نَقِمَة


Imam Baqir (a.s.) said: When our Qaem will rise, Humairah will be brought to him till he whips her revenging his mother Fatima (s.a.) from her. I said: May I be sacrificed on you, why will she be punished. He said because of her falsehood on the mother of Ibrahim. I asked: Why will Allah postpone for it for Qaem? He (a.s.) said: Allah raised Mohammad (s.a.w.a.) as mercy and he will raise Qaem (a.t.f.s.) as an avenger.

Ref: Al Mahasin Vol 2 Pg. 339 


We pray to Allah to hasten the reappearance of Yusuf e Zahra (a.t.f.s.) and include us amongst his servants. 

Munafiq – Meanings, traits and signs

Surah Munafiqoon

Surah Munafiqoon is the 63rd Surah of the Holy Quran and it was revealed in Madina and hence it is called as Madani Surah. It was revealed during the battle of Mureesah also called as Bani Mustaleeq in the fifth year of the migration. This Surah outlines the behavior of the hypocrites.
The meaning of the word منافقون:

The word منافقون is a noun i.e it is an اسم and it is in the condition of رفع. i.e it is an اسمِ مرفوع. It is مرفوع  because the hypocrites are the doers of the action i.e. they come to the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a) and falsely testify to the Oneness of Allah and the message of the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w.a).  The word منافقون  is also جمع مذکر  as we find the alphabets و  and ن at the end of the word.

Literal meaning of a Hypocrite:
In dictionary the meaning of the word منافق is as follows:

The hypocrite, the double dealer, the double tongued, deceitful, double faced, insincere, two faced, dishonest, foxy, fraud, fraudulent , trickster, tricky.
In the light of the above meanings it is clear that  منافق is a person who is exhibiting faith and disbelief while he is on the contrary. This makes him very dangerous for Islam and Muslims as he is a hidden enemy.

Terminological Meaning:
In Islamic terminology Munafiq is the one who makes an outward show of faith while he infact does not believe in what he says.

Origin of the Word:
The word نفاق has originated from the habit of certain animals like rabbit that dig two or more holes for them in the earth so that if they are attacked by an enemy from one hole they can escape from the other.

Let us see this surah in brief:

The hypocrites came to the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w.a.) showing themselves as believers whereas they were not. They used to make their (false) faith as a shelter and turned away from the path of Allah. Their outward appearance was very awe-inspiring and they were always very afraid (lest they be exposed). They are our enemies we should be very careful. When they were called towards the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w.a) they turn away with pride. They stop people from spending in the way of Islam.

It is the approach of the hypocrite that they come to us in the garb of Islam and attempt to weaken our roots. They also stop people from the path of Allah as the surah says:
فَصَدُّوا عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّه‏
It is narrated thus by Allamah Sayyad Hashim al Husaini al Bahraani (a.r) in Tafseer al Burhaan:
The path which the hypocrites stop people from is the path of the Successor of Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a) i.e. the path of Ameerul Momeneen, Hazrat Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s). Surely evil is what they do, they believe in the messengership of the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w.a) and disbelieve in the mastership of his successor, therefore Allah has put a seal on their heart and they will not understand...
And when it is said to them come and believe in the Imamat of Ameerul Momeneen (a.s) so that the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w.a) seeks forgiveness for you they turn away their heads in pride.

The rejection of the Wilayat of Ahlebait (a.s) is such a sin which will never be forgiven.
Allamah Hashim Bahraani (a.r) further continues while explaining the 22nd  verse of Surah al-Mulk:
أَ فَمَنْ يَمْشِي مُكِبًّا عَلى‏ وَجْهِهِ أَهْدى‏ أَمَّنْ يَمْشِي سَوِيًّا عَلى‏ صِراطٍ مُسْتَقِيم‏
What, is he who walks on his face better guided or he who walks upright upon a straight path?
Surely Allah has struck an example for those who reject the mastership of Ameerul Momeneen (a.s). They are like the one who walks on his face and is not guided. The right path i.e صراط مستقیم is Ameerul Momeneen (a.s).

They further accuse the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a) and say:
إِنَّ مُحَمَّداً كَذَّابٌ عَلَى رَبِّهِ وَ مَا أَمَرَهُ اللَّهُ بِهَذَا فِي عَلِي‏ًّّ
Surely Muhammad (s.a.w.a.) has forged a big lie upon his lord and Allah has not ordered this (Wilayat) of Ali.

Allah has given them a fitting reply saying:
إِنَّ وَلَايَةَ عَلِيٍ‏ تَنْزِيلٌ‏ مِنْ رَبِّ الْعالَمِينَ. وَ لَوْ تَقَوَّلَ عَلَيْنا مُحَمَّدٌ بَعْضَ الْأَقاوِيلِ. لَأَخَذْنا مِنْهُ بِالْيَمِينِ. ثُمَّ لَقَطَعْنا مِنْهُ الْوَتِين‏
Surely the Wilayat of Ameerul Momeneen Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s) is a revelation from the lord of the worlds . And if Muhammad (s.a.w.a.) was to say anything from his whims we surely would take him (cut) by his jugular vein.

Then Allah orders the messenger to be grateful to Him for this great bounty of the Wilayat of Ameerul Momeneen (a.s.).

Signs of a Munafiq:
There are certain signs of a hypocrite. We should be aware of these and make a sincere attempt to save ourselves from these lest we fall in the abyss of hypocrisy.
We quote the tradition of Imam Sadiq (a.s) regarding the bad qualities of a Hypocrite:
الْمُنَافِقُ قَدْ رَضِيَ بِبُعْدِهِ عَنْ رَحْمَةِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى لِأَنَّهُ يَأْتِي بِأَعْمَالِهِ الظَّاهِرَةِ شَبِيهاً بِالشَّرِيعَةِ وَ هُوَ لَاهٍ وَ لَاغٍ وَ بَاغٍ بِالْقَلْبِ عَنْ حَقِّهَا مُسْتَهْزِئٌ فِيهَا وَ عَلَامَةُ النِّفَاقِ قِلَّةُ الْمُبَالاةِ بِالْكَذِبِ وَ الْخِيَانَةُ وَ الْوَقَاحَةُ وَ الدَّعْوَى بِلَا مَعْنًى وَ اسْتِخَانَةُ الْعَيْنِ وَ السَّفَهُ وَ الْغَلَطُ وَ قِلَّةُ الْحَيَاءِ وَ اسْتِصْغَارُ الْمَعَاصِي وَ اسْتِيضَاعُ أَرْبَابِ الدِّينِ وَ اسْتِخْفَافُ الْمَصَائِبِ فِي الدِّينِ وَ الْكِبْرُ وَ حُبُّ الْمَدْحِ وَ الْحَسَدُ وَ إِيثَارُ الدُّنْيَا عَلَى الْآخِرَةِ وَ الشَّرِّ عَلَى الْخَيْرِ وَ الْحَثُّ عَلَى النَّمِيمَةِ وَ حُبُّ اللَّهْوِ وَ مَعُونَةُ أَهْلِ الْفِسْقِ وَ الْبَغْيِ وَ التَّخَلُّفُ عَنِ الْخَيْرَاتِ وَ تَنَقُّصُ أَهْلِهَا وَ اسْتِحْسَانُ مَا يَفْعَلُهُ مِنْ سُوءٍ وَ اسْتِقْبَاحُ مَا يَفْعَلُهُ غَيْرُهُ مِنْ حَسَنٍ وَ أَمْثَالُ ذَلِكَ كَثِيرَةٌ وَ قَدْ وَصَفَ اللَّهُ الْمُنَافِقِينَ فِي غَيْرِ مَوْضِعٍ قَالَ تَعَالَى‏ وَ مِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَعْبُدُ اللَّهَ عَلى‏ حَرْفٍ‏ فِي التَّفْسِيرِ أَيْ‏ فَإِنْ أَصابَهُ خَيْرٌ اطْمَأَنَّ بِهِ وَ إِنْ أَصابَتْهُ فِتْنَةٌ انْقَلَبَ عَلى‏ وَجْهِهِ خَسِرَ الدُّنْيا وَ الْآخِرَةَ ذلِكَ هُوَ الْخُسْرانُ الْمُبِينُ‏ قَالَ تَعَالَى فِي وَصْفِهِمْ- وَ مِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَقُولُ آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَ بِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَ ما هُمْ بِمُؤْمِنِينَ. يُخادِعُونَ اللَّهَ وَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَ ما يَخْدَعُونَ إِلَّا أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَ ما يَشْعُرُونَ. فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ فَزادَهُمُ اللَّهُ مَرَضاً قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص الْمُنَافِقُ مَنْ إِذَا وَعَدَ أَخْلَفَ وَ إِذَا  فَعَلhَ أَسَاءَ وَ إِذَا قَالَ كَذَبَ وَ إِذَا ائْتُمِنَ خَانَ وَ إِذَا رُزِقَ طَاشَ وَ إِذَا مُنِعَ عَاشَ وَ قَالَ أَيْضاً مَنْ خَالَفَتْ سَرِيرَتُهُ عَلَانِيَتَهُ فَهُوَ مُنَافِقٌ‏ كَائِناً مَنْ كَانَ وَ حَيْثُ كَانَ وَ فِي أَيِّ زَمَنٍ كَانَ وَ عَلَى أَيِّ رُتْبَةٍ كَانَ‏
The hypocrite is the one who is satisfied with being away from the mercy of Allah the High (i.e. he is not eager to attain the mercy of Allah), he brings with him the actions which are like the Shariat (prayers, fasting, etc) while in his heart he is a rebel, a mocker at the right of the action, making a joke of it, and the sign of a hypocrite is indifference to (speaking a ) lie (i.e. a hypocrite is not truthful in his speech) and the trust i.e. amaanat that is kept with him, and he claims without meaning it, and his eyes are untrustworthy (i.e look at prohibited things) , he is extravagant and erroneous, he has very less of shame, and he considers the disobedience of Allah as small and insignificant, and he wastes the pillars of religion, and considers the calamity

on the religion as light, and pride, and love of appreciation, and envy, and preferring of world over the hereafter, and preferring evil over goodness, and rushes to gossip and slandering, and loves vain and useless things, and helps the corrupt and rebellious people and opposes the goodness, and seeks to find fault of the good doers, and praises what he does of the evil, and accuses the good that others do and many other qualities like it. And Allah has described the hypocrites thus:
And among men is he who serves Allah (standing) on the verge, so that if good befalls him he is satisfied therewith but if a trial afflicts him he turns back headlong , he loses the world as well as the hereafter , that is a manifest loss.
And Allah, the Almighty describes them as thus:
“And there are some people who say: We believe in Allah and the last day; and they are not at all believers.They desire to deceive Allah and those who believe, and they deceive only themselves and they do not perceive.There is a disease in their hearts, so Allah added to their disease and they shall have a painful chastisement because they lied.” Surah Baqarah (2): 8 – 10
Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a):
Surely the hypocrite is the one when he promises he violates, and when he acts he does evil, and when he speaks he says a lie, and when he is trusted he breaches the trust, when he is given sustenance he splurges, and when he is deprived he persists.
Then Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a) while explaining the general rule to identify hypocrites says:
And the one whose external appearance goes against his internal state is a hypocrite whoever he is, wherever he is, in whatever place he is and on whatever position he is.  (Misbaah ash Shariyah pg 146)          

Let us pray to Allah to keep us steadfast on the Wilayat of Ahle Bait (a.s) and keep us safe from hypocrisy and disbelief.

Here we enumerate some benefits of reciting this blessed Surah – Surah al Munafiqoon:
It is narrated from Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a): One who recites this Surah he will be saved from hypocrisy and doubt in religion and if it is recited upon the sick or one in pain Allah the high will cure him. Insha Allah.

Imam Sadiq (a.s): It is obligatory upon every believer, when he is our Shia that he recites on the Friday morning, Surah Jumuah and the Surah of سبح اسم ربک الاعلیٰ and in the prayer of Zuhr, Surah Jumuah and Munafiqoon , then when he does it is like he has acted like the messenger of Allah (s.a.w.a) and his reward upon Allah is paradise.  (Tafseer al Burhaan under the Tafseer of Surah Munafiqoon)